409 / X2CrTi12
1.4512Lowest-chromium ferritic stainless steel with Ti stabilization. Developed specifically for automotive exhaust systems as a cost-effective alternative to austenitic grades. Good oxidation resistance to ~800°C. Used for exhaust manifolds, catalytic converters, mufflers, and heat shields.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | AISI | USA | AISI 409 | S40900 | REF |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | X2CrTi12 | 1.4512 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | SUS409L | — | 93% |
Sources: ASTM A240, EN 10088-2, JIS G4305
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: 409 / X2CrTi12 (EN) (EN 10088-2) vs SUS409L (JIS)
| Element | 409 / X2CrTi12 (EN) | SUS409L (JIS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0–0.03% | — | — |
| Si | 0–1% | — | — |
| Mn | 0–1% | — | — |
| P | 0–0.04% | — | — |
| S | 0–0.015% | — | — |
| Cr | 10.5–12.5% | — | — |
| Ti | 0–0.65% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 380–560 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 210 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 25 | % |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 190 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.7 | g/cm3 |
Compatibility verdict
409 / X2CrTi12 and SUS409L: 93% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
304 Stainless Steel
1.4301The most widely used austenitic stainless steel. Excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability. Standard choice for food processing, chemical, and architectural applications.
316L
1.4404Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with molybdenum addition. Superior corrosion resistance to 304, especially against chlorides and pitting. Standard choice for chemical processing, marine, medical implants, and pharmaceutical equipment.
430 Stainless Steel
1.4016Ferritic chromium stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and formability. Lower cost than austenitic grades. Used for automotive trim, kitchen sinks, architectural panels, and appliance components.
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