410 / X12Cr13
1.4006The basic martensitic stainless steel — 12% chromium with moderate carbon. Hardenable by heat treatment to provide good strength with moderate corrosion resistance. Used for steam turbine blades, pump shafts, valve components, bolts, and mining equipment.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | AISI | USA | AISI 410 | S41000 | REF |
| 🇪🇺 | EN | Europe | X12Cr13 | 1.4006 | 100% |
| 🇯🇵 | JIS | Japan | SUS410 | — | 97% |
| 🇬🇧 | BS | United Kingdom | 410S21 | — | 97% |
| 🇨🇳 | GB | China | 1Cr13 | — | 93% |
Sources: ASTM A276, EN 10088-2, JIS G4303, BS EN 10088-2, GB/T 1220
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: 410 / X12Cr13 (EN) (EN 10088-2) vs SUS410 (JIS)
| Element | 410 / X12Cr13 (EN) | SUS410 (JIS) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08–0.15% | — | — |
| Si | 0–1% | — | — |
| Mn | 0–1.5% | — | — |
| P | 0–0.04% | — | — |
| S | 0–0.015% | — | — |
| Cr | 11.5–13.5% | — | — |
| Ni | 0–0.75% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
QT650
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 650–850 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 450 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 15 | % |
| Hardness HB | ≤ 248 | HB |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 215 | GPa |
| Density | ≥ 7.7 | g/cm3 |
Annealed
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Hardness HB | ≤ 223 | HB |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| quenching | 950–1000 °C | oil | 30-60 min | Air cooling also possible for small sections |
| tempering | 650–750 °C | air | min 60 min | QT650: temper at 680-750°C for toughness. Lower temps for higher hardness. |
| annealing | 750–850 °C | furnace | 1-2 hours | Slow furnace cool. Softens for machining. |
Compatibility verdict
410 / X12Cr13 and SUS410: 97% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
304 Stainless Steel
1.4301The most widely used austenitic stainless steel. Excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability. Standard choice for food processing, chemical, and architectural applications.
316L
1.4404Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with molybdenum addition. Superior corrosion resistance to 304, especially against chlorides and pitting. Standard choice for chemical processing, marine, medical implants, and pharmaceutical equipment.
430 Stainless Steel
1.4016Ferritic chromium stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and formability. Lower cost than austenitic grades. Used for automotive trim, kitchen sinks, architectural panels, and appliance components.
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