ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene — the most widely used amorphous engineering/commodity thermoplastic. Excellent balance of toughness, rigidity, and processability. Good surface finish and paintability. Not UV-stable without additives. Trade names include Novodur (INEOS Styrolution), Terluran (INEOS), Cycolac (SABIC). Used for automotive interior trim, appliance housings (vacuum cleaners, monitors), LEGO bricks, 3D printing filament, and pipe fittings.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | INT | ABS | — | REF | |
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM | USA | ASTM D4673 | — | 100% |
Sources: ISO 2580, ASTM D4673
Mechanical properties — Pro
Injection Molded
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ||
| Yield Strength | ||
| Elongation | ||
| Elastic Modulus | ||
| Density | ||
| Glass Transition Temp (Tg) | ||
| Water Absorption (24h) |
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ||
| Tensile Modulus | ||
| Elongation at Break | ||
| Charpy Impact (notched) | ||
| Density | ||
| HDT/B (0.45 MPa) | ||
| Vicat Softening Temp | ||
| Water Absorption (24h) |
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EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber)
Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber — THE outdoor/weather elastomer. Saturated backbone gives outstanding ozone, UV, and weathering resistance. Excellent resistance to steam, hot water, and polar solvents. NOT resistant to oils/fuels (opposite of NBR). Good electrical insulation. ρ 0.85-1.3 (lightest common rubber). Used for automotive door/window seals, roofing membranes, radiator hoses, HVAC gaskets, and pond liners.
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber (CFRP)
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy — the benchmark structural composite material. Unidirectional ply: tensile strength 1500–2000 MPa, modulus 120–150 GPa at density 1.55 g/cm³ (5x stronger than steel at 1/5 the weight). Quasi-isotropic layup: UTS ~600 MPa, E ~50 GPa. Autoclave-cured prepreg (aerospace) or infusion/RTM (industrial). Used in aerospace primary structures (fuselage, wings), Formula 1 chassis, bicycle frames, wind turbine blades, pressure vessels (Type IV) and high-end sporting goods. Fiber types: T300, T700, T800, M40J, M55J.
FKM (Fluoroelastomer / Viton)
Fluoroelastomer — THE high-temperature and chemical-resistant rubber. Outstanding resistance to oils, fuels, acids, and solvents at temperatures up to 200°C (short-term 230°C). Fluorine content (64-70%) determines chemical resistance. Trade names: Viton (Chemours), Tecnoflon (Solvay), Dai-El (Daikin). 5-10x more expensive than NBR. Used for aerospace fuel seals, chemical process seals, automotive fuel injector O-rings, semiconductor processing, and any seal exposed to aggressive chemicals at high temperature.
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