C60E
1.1221Unalloyed special steel with controlled chemistry (E grade) and 0.60% carbon. Tighter P and S limits (max 0.025%) for improved consistency. High hardness achievable after quenching (HRC 55+). Difficult to weld due to high carbon content. Used for wheels, rims, toothed shafts, cylinders, axles, pins, springs, and wear-resistant components in vehicle and machinery manufacturing.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 | AISI | USA | AISI 1060 | G10600 | REF |
Sources: ASTM A29
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: C60E (EN) (EN 10083-2:2006) vs ASTM
| Element | C60E (EN) | ASTM | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.57–0.65% | — | — |
| Si | ≤ 0.4% | — | — |
| Mn | 0.6–0.9% | — | — |
| P | ≤ 0.025% | — | — |
| S | ≤ 0.025% | — | — |
| Cr | ≤ 0.4% | — | — |
| Mo | ≤ 0.1% | — | — |
| Ni | ≤ 0.4% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Normalized
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 710–850 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 400 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 11 | % |
| Hardness HB | 210–250 | HB |
| Density | ≥ 7.85 | g/cm3 |
| Elastic Modulus | ≥ 210 | GPa |
QT
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 800–950 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 520 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 10 | % |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| normalizing | 820–850 °C | air | — | — |
| quenching | 800–830 °C | oil | — | — |
| tempering | 550–660 °C | air | — | — |
| annealing | 650–700 °C | furnace | — | Soft annealing max 229 HB |
Related materials
S960QL
1.8933Ultra-high-strength quenched and tempered fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 960 MPa. QL designation indicates impact testing at -40°C. Used for mobile cranes, heavy lift equipment, offshore wind turbine towers, mining machinery, and weight-critical structural applications. Weldable with appropriate precautions (preheating, low hydrogen). Dramatically reduces component weight compared to conventional structural steels.
P355NH
1.0565Weldable fine-grained non-alloy steel for pressure vessels with minimum yield strength 355 MPa. NH designation indicates normalized condition with specified elevated temperature properties and impact testing at -20°C. Very widely used pressure vessel grade for boilers, storage tanks, heat exchangers, and pipes transporting hot liquids and pressurized gases. Good weldability and resistance to brittle cracking.
C45E
1.1191Unalloyed special steel with controlled chemistry (E grade) and 0.42–0.50% carbon. Tighter P and S limits than standard C45 for improved consistency. The most widely used medium-carbon steel for quenching and tempering. Good balance of strength (620–850 MPa QT) and toughness. Through-hardening up to ø60mm. Surface hardening by induction to HRC 58. Used for shafts, gears, bolts, connecting rods, crankshafts, and general machine parts.
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