PTFE (Teflon)
Polytetrafluoroethylene — the most chemically resistant polymer. Lowest friction coefficient of any solid material (~0.05-0.10). Service range -240°C to +260°C continuous. Cannot be melt-processed — must be sintered from powder (like ceramics). Very low mechanical strength. Trade name Teflon (Chemours/DuPont). Used for seals, gaskets, bearings, non-stick coatings, chemical reactor linings, electrical insulation, and lab equipment.
International equivalents
| Flag | Standard | Country | Grade | Number | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ISO | INT | PTFE | — | REF | |
| 🇺🇸 | ASTM | USA | ASTM D4894 / D4895 | — | 100% |
Sources: ISO 12086, ASTM D4894
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: PTFE (Teflon) (COMPOSITION) (ISO 12086) vs ASTM D4894 / D4895 (ASTM)
| Element | PTFE (Teflon) (COMPOSITION) | ASTM D4894 / D4895 (ASTM) | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base Polymer (Polytetrafluoroethylene) | 99.5–99.9% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
Sintered
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 20–35 | MPa |
| Elongation | 200–400 | % |
| Elastic Modulus | 0.4–0.55 | GPa |
| Density | 2.15–2.2 | g/cm3 |
| Melting Point | ≥ 327 | °C |
| Continuous Use Temp | -240–260 | °C |
| friction_coefficient | 0.05–0.1 | µ |
| Water Absorption (24h) | 0–0.01 | % |
General
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 20–35 | MPa |
| Tensile Modulus | 400–700 | MPa |
| Elongation at Break | 200–400 | % |
| Density | 2.13–2.2 | g/cm³ |
| Melting Point | 327 | °C |
| Continuous Use Temp | -200–260 | °C |
| Coefficient of Friction | 0.05–0.1 | - |
| Dielectric Constant (1MHz) | 2–2.1 | - |
| Water Absorption (24h) | 0–0.01 | % |
Compatibility verdict
PTFE (Teflon) and ASTM D4894 / D4895: 100% composition match
Close equivalents but NOT identical.
Related materials
EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber)
Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber — THE outdoor/weather elastomer. Saturated backbone gives outstanding ozone, UV, and weathering resistance. Excellent resistance to steam, hot water, and polar solvents. NOT resistant to oils/fuels (opposite of NBR). Good electrical insulation. ρ 0.85-1.3 (lightest common rubber). Used for automotive door/window seals, roofing membranes, radiator hoses, HVAC gaskets, and pond liners.
Epoxy/Carbon Fiber (CFRP)
Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy — the benchmark structural composite material. Unidirectional ply: tensile strength 1500–2000 MPa, modulus 120–150 GPa at density 1.55 g/cm³ (5x stronger than steel at 1/5 the weight). Quasi-isotropic layup: UTS ~600 MPa, E ~50 GPa. Autoclave-cured prepreg (aerospace) or infusion/RTM (industrial). Used in aerospace primary structures (fuselage, wings), Formula 1 chassis, bicycle frames, wind turbine blades, pressure vessels (Type IV) and high-end sporting goods. Fiber types: T300, T700, T800, M40J, M55J.
FKM (Fluoroelastomer / Viton)
Fluoroelastomer — THE high-temperature and chemical-resistant rubber. Outstanding resistance to oils, fuels, acids, and solvents at temperatures up to 200°C (short-term 230°C). Fluorine content (64-70%) determines chemical resistance. Trade names: Viton (Chemours), Tecnoflon (Solvay), Dai-El (Daikin). 5-10x more expensive than NBR. Used for aerospace fuel seals, chemical process seals, automotive fuel injector O-rings, semiconductor processing, and any seal exposed to aggressive chemicals at high temperature.
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