X12CrS13
1.4005Free-cutting martensitic stainless steel with sulfur addition for improved machinability. Equivalent to AISI 416. Based on X12Cr13 (AISI 410) composition with 0.15-0.35% S added. Can be hardened by heat treatment. Corrosion resistance is somewhat reduced compared to non-free-cutting grades but improves in the quenched and tempered condition. Used for automatic screw machine parts, valves, fittings, bolts, nuts, pump components, and precision turned parts.
Chemical composition comparison (wt%)
Side-by-side: X12CrS13 (EN) (EN 10088-3) vs ASTM
| Element | X12CrS13 (EN) | ASTM | Overlap |
|---|---|---|---|
| C | 0.08–0.15% | — | — |
| Si | ≤ 1% | — | — |
| Mn | ≤ 1.5% | — | — |
| P | ≤ 0.04% | — | — |
| S | 0.15–0.35% | — | — |
| Cr | 12–14% | — | — |
Mechanical properties
QT
| Property | Value | Unit |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | 700–900 | MPa |
| Yield Strength | ≥ 500 | MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 12 | % |
| Hardness HRC | ≤ 35 | HRC |
| Density | ≥ 7.7 | g/cm3 |
Heat treatment
| Process | Temperature | Medium | Holding Time | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hardening | 950–1000 °C | oil | — | Oil or air quench |
| tempering | 200–400 °C | air | — | — |
| annealing | 750–800 °C | furnace | — | Soft annealing |
Related materials
304 Stainless Steel
1.4301The most widely used austenitic stainless steel. Excellent corrosion resistance, good formability and weldability. Standard choice for food processing, chemical, and architectural applications.
316L
1.4404Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel with molybdenum addition. Superior corrosion resistance to 304, especially against chlorides and pitting. Standard choice for chemical processing, marine, medical implants, and pharmaceutical equipment.
430 Stainless Steel
1.4016Ferritic chromium stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and formability. Lower cost than austenitic grades. Used for automotive trim, kitchen sinks, architectural panels, and appliance components.
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