Steel

Higher-strength pressure vessel steel — ReH >=355 MPa, guaranteed elevated-temperature properties. Between P265GH and 16Mo3 in the pressure vessel hierarchy. Used for boilers, steam drums, heat exchangers, and pressure piping operating to ~400°C. EN 10028-2, PED 2014/68/EU compliant. Good weldability.

Normalized pressure vessel steel with low-temperature toughness — ReH >=355 MPa, Charpy at -40°C (KV >=27J). "NL" = Normalized + Low-temperature. Used for pressure vessels, storage tanks, and process equipment operating in cold environments (LPG, cryogenic). EN 10028-3 + PED compliant.

Highest-strength normalized pressure vessel fine-grain steel — ReH >=460 MPa. "N" = normalized, "H" = elevated temperature. Used for high-pressure vessels, boiler drums, and chemical reactors where maximum strength with guaranteed elevated-temperature properties is needed. EN 10028-3 + PED compliant. Good weldability due to fine grain and controlled CEV.

Premium aerospace precipitation-hardening stainless. Al-precipitation for the highest transverse toughness and most uniform properties of all PH stainless grades. SCC-resistant in marine environments. Used for landing gear, structural airframe parts, nuclear components, and high-performance shafts.

The cheapest and lowest-grade structural steel in EN 10025-1. Only tensile strength is guaranteed (290-510 MPa), no guaranteed yield strength, composition, or impact toughness. Used for non-critical structural applications, fences, lightweight frameworks, and temporary structures where only minimum strength is needed.

Basic structural steel with guaranteed Charpy impact at 0°C (KV >=27J). Better low-temperature toughness than S235JR (which only guarantees 27J at +20°C). Same strength class (ReH >=235 MPa). Used for general structural applications in moderate climates: building frames, bridges, storage tanks, and platforms. Very widely available and cost-effective.

Basic structural steel with guaranteed -20°C impact toughness. The toughest variant in the S235 family (J2 = 27J at -20°C). Used for welded structures in moderately cold environments, general structural fabrication, and applications where S235JR's 20°C impact is insufficient.

General-purpose structural steel with minimum yield strength of 235 MPa. The most common structural steel grade in Europe for general construction, frames, and non-critical structural applications.

Structural steel with guaranteed Charpy impact at 0°C (KV >=27J). Between S235J0 and S355J0 in the strength range. ReH >=275 MPa. Very widely used in European construction: building frames, columns, beams, and general structural applications. Good weldability. Often specified as standard section material (IPE, HEA, UPN profiles).

Structural steel with 275 MPa yield and guaranteed -20°C impact toughness. Mid-range in the EN 10025-2 structural series. Used for general welded structures, cranes, conveyor frames, and building steelwork in moderate cold-climate environments.

Medium-strength structural steel with minimum yield strength of 275 MPa. Bridges the gap between S235JR and S355JR. Used for general structural applications, lattice towers, masts, and light crane components. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with 275 MPa yield. The lowest strength grade in the EN 10025-3 normalized series. Better weldability and guaranteed fine-grain structure compared to standard S275JR. Used for welded structures, bridges, and general steelwork where normalized delivery is specified.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with guaranteed -50°C impact toughness. Lower strength than S355NL but better weldability and ductility. Used for cryogenic-adjacent structures, LNG infrastructure, cold-climate bridges, and storage tanks where low-temperature toughness is critical.

Entry-level HSLA hot-rolled steel for cold forming. The lowest strength grade in the EN 10149-2 TMCP series. Good formability with guaranteed 315 MPa yield. Used for lighter-duty truck components, agricultural equipment, structural profiles, and cold-formed sections where S235/S275 is insufficient.

Non-alloy structural steel with 355 MPa min yield and 27J impact at 0°C. The "J0" variant between JR (+20°C) and J2 (-20°C). Former designation St52-3U (DIN 17100). Good weldability (CEV ≤0.47). Used for bridges, cranes, buildings, wind turbines, heavy machinery frames, and general structural applications requiring moderate low-temperature toughness.

High-strength structural steel with impact testing at -20°C (J2). Higher toughness than S355JR (tested at +20°C). Used for bridges, crane structures, offshore platforms, and cold-weather applications where impact toughness at sub-zero temperatures is required.

High-strength low-alloy structural steel with minimum yield strength of 355 MPa. Standard grade for bridges, buildings, cranes, and general structural applications. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).

Structural steel with guaranteed Charpy impact at -20°C (KV ≥40J). Same strength as S355J2 (ReH ≥355 MPa) but higher toughness: K2 = 40J at -20°C vs J2 = 27J at -20°C. Used for bridges, crane structures, offshore platforms, and welded structures in cold climates where fracture toughness at low temperature is critical.

HSLA hot-rolled steel for cold forming. Thermomechanically rolled for fine grain and good formability. The most commonly specified TMCP grade. Used for truck frames, agricultural equipment, crane booms, and structural cold-formed components.

Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steel — ReH >=355 MPa with Charpy at -50°C (KV >=27J). THE workhorse for large welded steel structures in cold environments. TM rolling = low CEV = excellent weldability even in thick plate. Used for offshore platforms, wind turbine towers, bridges, crane structures, and pressure vessels. Most common TM grade by tonnage.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel. Same yield as S355JR/J2 but with guaranteed fine-grain structure from normalizing. Better weldability and impact toughness than standard S355. Used for bridges, cranes, heavy structural steelwork, and pressure vessels where normalized delivery is specified.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with 355 MPa yield and -50°C impact toughness. The most widely used fine-grain grade in EN 10025-3. Workhorse for offshore, bridges, cranes, and wind turbine towers in cold climates. Better low-temp toughness than S355J2.

HSLA hot-rolled steel for cold forming. Between S355MC and S500MC in the EN 10149-2 strength ladder. Thermomechanically rolled for fine grain + good formability. Used for truck chassis components, crane booms, agricultural equipment, and structural cold-formed parts.

Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steel — ReH >=420 MPa with Charpy at -50°C (KV >=27J). Between S355ML and S460ML in the TM strength range. Lower CEV than S420N = better weldability. Used for crane booms, offshore structures, bridge girders, and pressure vessels requiring high strength with excellent low-temperature toughness and weldability.