Materials database

Normalized condition variant of S235JR — the most common European structural steel in normalized (+N) delivery condition. Normalization at ~920°C provides refined grain structure, improved impact toughness (27J at 20°C), and more uniform mechanical properties through the cross-section compared to as-rolled material. Required by EN 1090 for structural steelwork execution class EXC3/EXC4. Same composition as S235JR but guaranteed normalized delivery. Used for bridges, buildings, crane structures, and safety-critical fabrications requiring reliable toughness.

Structural steel with guaranteed Charpy impact at 0°C (KV >=27J). Between S235J0 and S355J0 in the strength range. ReH >=275 MPa. Very widely used in European construction: building frames, columns, beams, and general structural applications. Good weldability. Often specified as standard section material (IPE, HEA, UPN profiles).

Structural steel with 275 MPa yield and guaranteed -20°C impact toughness. Mid-range in the EN 10025-2 structural series. Used for general welded structures, cranes, conveyor frames, and building steelwork in moderate cold-climate environments.

Medium-strength structural steel with minimum yield strength of 275 MPa. Bridges the gap between S235JR and S355JR. Used for general structural applications, lattice towers, masts, and light crane components. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).

Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 275 MPa. M designation indicates TMCP (thermo-mechanical control process) delivery condition. Offers superior weldability compared to normalized grades due to lower carbon equivalent. No post-weld heat treatment needed for most applications. Used for bridges, offshore platforms, structural hollow sections, and general construction.

Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 275 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at -50°C (ML designation). Low-temperature variant of S275M with same excellent weldability and low carbon equivalent. Used for offshore structures, cold climate construction, and structural hollow sections requiring sub-zero toughness guarantees.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with 275 MPa yield. The lowest strength grade in the EN 10025-3 normalized series. Better weldability and guaranteed fine-grain structure compared to standard S275JR. Used for welded structures, bridges, and general steelwork where normalized delivery is specified.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with guaranteed -50°C impact toughness. Lower strength than S355NL but better weldability and ductility. Used for cryogenic-adjacent structures, LNG infrastructure, cold-climate bridges, and storage tanks where low-temperature toughness is critical.

Entry-level HSLA hot-rolled steel for cold forming. The lowest strength grade in the EN 10149-2 TMCP series. Good formability with guaranteed 315 MPa yield. Used for lighter-duty truck components, agricultural equipment, structural profiles, and cold-formed sections where S235/S275 is insufficient.

Non-alloy structural steel with 355 MPa min yield and 27J impact at 0°C. The "J0" variant between JR (+20°C) and J2 (-20°C). Former designation St52-3U (DIN 17100). Good weldability (CEV ≤0.47). Used for bridges, cranes, buildings, wind turbines, heavy machinery frames, and general structural applications requiring moderate low-temperature toughness.

Structural weathering steel with minimum yield strength 355 MPa and impact testing at 0°C (J0 designation). Same composition and corrosion resistance as S355J2W but with less stringent impact requirements. Forms a self-healing protective patina. Used for general outdoor structural applications, containers, and architectural cladding where extreme low-temperature toughness is not required.

Structural weathering steel with enhanced phosphorus content for accelerated patina formation and superior atmospheric corrosion resistance. Minimum yield strength 355 MPa with impact testing at 0°C. WP designation indicates higher P content (0.06-0.15%) compared to W grades. Available only as flat products up to 12mm thickness. Special welding precautions required due to elevated P. Used for severe atmospheric exposure, coastal (non-marine) structures, architectural facades, and applications requiring rapid patina development.

High-strength structural steel with impact testing at -20°C (J2). Higher toughness than S355JR (tested at +20°C). Used for bridges, crane structures, offshore platforms, and cold-weather applications where impact toughness at sub-zero temperatures is required.

Normalized structural steel with 355 MPa minimum yield strength and J2 impact toughness (27J at -20°C). The normalized delivery condition (+N) ensures refined grain structure and uniform properties throughout the cross-section. Required for EN 1090 execution classes EXC3/EXC4 in structural steelwork. The standard choice for bridges, high-rise frames, crane runways, and wind tower sections where both strength and guaranteed low-temperature toughness are needed. Weldable with CEV typically <0.45.

The most widely used structural weathering steel with minimum yield strength 355 MPa and impact testing at -20°C (J2 designation). Forms a protective patina of stable rust that eliminates the need for painting. Cu, Cr, and P additions provide atmospheric corrosion resistance up to 8 times that of plain carbon steel. Used for unpainted bridges, outdoor sculptures, railway wagons, architectural facades, transmission towers, and containers. Equivalent to ASTM A588 / Corten B.

Structural weathering steel with enhanced phosphorus content for accelerated patina formation and impact testing at -20°C (J2 designation). Same enhanced P content as S355J0WP but with guaranteed low-temperature toughness. Available only as flat products up to 12mm thickness. Used for unpainted bridges, outdoor sculptures, and architectural applications in colder climates where rapid, durable patina formation is desired.

High-strength low-alloy structural steel with minimum yield strength of 355 MPa. Standard grade for bridges, buildings, cranes, and general structural applications. Impact tested at +20°C (JR).

Structural steel with guaranteed Charpy impact at -20°C (KV ≥40J). Same strength as S355J2 (ReH ≥355 MPa) but higher toughness: K2 = 40J at -20°C vs J2 = 27J at -20°C. Used for bridges, crane structures, offshore platforms, and welded structures in cold climates where fracture toughness at low temperature is critical.

High-toughness structural weathering steel with minimum yield strength 355 MPa and impact energy 40J at -20°C (K2 designation). The toughest standard weathering grade, with higher impact requirements than S355J2W (27J). Same atmospheric corrosion resistance. Used for safety-critical unpainted structures in cold climates: bridges, offshore wind foundations, and major infrastructure projects.

Thermomechanically rolled weldable fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 355 MPa. The most widely used TMCP structural steel grade. M designation indicates thermo-mechanical control process delivery. Excellent weldability with low carbon equivalent, eliminating preheating in most cases. Used for bridges, offshore structures, cranes, heavy machinery, wind turbine foundations, and structural hollow sections.

HSLA hot-rolled steel for cold forming. Thermomechanically rolled for fine grain and good formability. The most commonly specified TMCP grade. Used for truck frames, agricultural equipment, crane booms, and structural cold-formed components.

Thermomechanically rolled fine-grain structural steel — ReH >=355 MPa with Charpy at -50°C (KV >=27J). THE workhorse for large welded steel structures in cold environments. TM rolling = low CEV = excellent weldability even in thick plate. Used for offshore platforms, wind turbine towers, bridges, crane structures, and pressure vessels. Most common TM grade by tonnage.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel. Same yield as S355JR/J2 but with guaranteed fine-grain structure from normalizing. Better weldability and impact toughness than standard S355. Used for bridges, cranes, heavy structural steelwork, and pressure vessels where normalized delivery is specified.

Normalized fine-grain structural steel with 355 MPa yield and -50°C impact toughness. The most widely used fine-grain grade in EN 10025-3. Workhorse for offshore, bridges, cranes, and wind turbine towers in cold climates. Better low-temp toughness than S355J2.