Materials database

Rutile-coated stainless steel SMAW electrode for welding dissimilar joints (stainless to carbon steel), stainless steel cladding and overlay welding. 23% Cr, 13% Ni ensures austenitic weld deposit even with dilution from carbon steel base. Low carbon (≤0.03%) for intergranular corrosion resistance. AC or DCEP. Smooth arc, easy slag removal. Used for first layer cladding on pressure vessels, repair of stainless castings and transition joints in process piping.

Mo-bearing stainless steel SMAW electrode for dissimilar joints where the base metals include Mo-bearing grades (316L, 317L). 23% Cr, 13% Ni, 2.5% Mo. Low carbon (≤0.03%) for intergranular corrosion resistance. The correct choice when cladding with 316L-type overlay on carbon steel — standard E309L lacks Mo and underdilutes. AC or DCEP. Used for first-layer cladding in chemical/petrochemical vessels, transition joints between 316L piping and carbon steel.

Rutile-coated austenitic stainless steel SMAW electrode matching 316L (1.4404). 18.5% Cr, 12% Ni, 2.5% Mo, max 0.03% C. Smooth arc, fine ripple bead, easy slag removal. AC or DCEP. For welding 316, 316L and similar Mo-bearing austenitics in food/pharma/chemical processing. Resistant to intergranular corrosion after welding. Used for tanks, vessels, piping and equipment in contact with acids, chlorides and process media.

High-cellulose sodium coated SMAW electrode for pipeline welding. Produces a deep penetrating, high-force spray arc with fast-freeze characteristics and minimal slag. The standard electrode for root pass welding in pipeline construction (API 5L X42/X46). DCEP only. Tensile strength 60 ksi (414 MPa), yield 48 ksi (331 MPa). Impact toughness 27J at -30°C. Do NOT rebake — cellulose coating requires 3–7% moisture for proper operation. Also used for field erection, tank repair and welding on dirty/rusty steel.

High-cellulose potassium coated SMAW electrode — the AC-capable version of E6010. Deep penetrating, forceful arc with fast-freeze slag. Runs on both AC and DCEP, making it usable with smaller transformer-type welding machines. Tensile strength 60 ksi (414 MPa). Same cellulose coating system as E6010 — do NOT rebake. Used for pipeline root passes (when DCEP machine not available), field erection, maintenance welding and dirty/rusty steel.

Rutile-coated all-position SMAW electrode for AC and DC±. Smooth, stable arc with low spatter and easy slag removal — the most beginner-friendly stick electrode. Tensile strength 60 ksi (414 MPa). Medium penetration. Excellent for sheet metal, thin-wall tubing, general light fabrication and maintenance welding. Not suitable for critical structural or pressure vessel applications. Rebake at 70–100°C for 1h if damp.

The world's most widely used low-hydrogen SMAW (stick) welding electrode. Iron powder + calcium fluoride coating produces smooth, easy-to-control arc with minimal spatter and easy slag removal. Low hydrogen designation prevents hydrogen-induced cracking in structural joints. All-position welding (1 = flat, horizontal, vertical, overhead). AC or DCEP. Minimum 480 MPa tensile strength. Must be stored in heated ovens (250-300°F) to prevent moisture pickup. Used for structural steel, bridges, buildings, pressure vessels, and all code-compliant fabrication per AWS D1.1.

Low-hydrogen basic coated SMAW electrode with enhanced toughness (-45°C) and moisture-resistant coating (H4R designation = max 4ml H₂/100g, moisture-resistant). The premium structural steel electrode for critical applications: bridges, high-rise buildings, offshore structures, pressure vessels (ASME Section IX) and seismic-resistant frames. 70 ksi (485 MPa) tensile strength. AC or DCEP. The "-1" suffix indicates 27J impact at -45°C. H4R coating resists moisture pickup for 9+ hours after removal from hermetically sealed packaging.

Gas-shielded flux cored wire for all-position welding with CO2 or 75/25 Ar/CO2 shielding gas. The highest deposition rate FCAW consumable — up to 2-3x faster than SMAW. Tensile strength 70 ksi (485 MPa). Produces smooth arc, fine spatter and easy slag removal. Standard choice for structural steel fabrication, shipbuilding, heavy equipment, storage tanks and general construction. Replaces E7018 in high-productivity shops.

Self-shielded flux cored wire — no external shielding gas required. Single-pass, all-position. Tensile strength 70 ksi (485 MPa). The go-to wire for field welding, outdoor repair, farm equipment, fencing and hobby welding where gas bottles are impractical. Generates its own protective atmosphere from flux decomposition. Higher spatter and fume than gas-shielded FCAW but unbeatable portability. Popular in small MIG welders for DIY and light fabrication.

Low-hydrogen basic coated SMAW electrode with 2.5% Ni for low-temperature service. Tensile strength 80 ksi (550 MPa). Impact toughness 27J at -60°C. Used for welding fine-grain structural steels, pressure vessels and storage tanks in cryogenic and sub-zero applications (LNG, ammonia, cold storage). Rebake 300–350°C for 1-2h before use. AC or DCEP. Meets requirements of ASME Section IX for low-temp service.

Low-manganese solid wire for submerged arc welding (SAW) — the highest deposition rate welding process (up to 20 kg/h). Used with agglomerated or fused flux (F7A2-EM12K classification). Tensile strength 70 ksi (485 MPa). Clean weld deposits with excellent mechanical properties. THE process for long straight welds: pipe longitudinal seams, vessel shell courses, shipbuilding panel lines, structural beams and heavy plate fabrication. Multi-wire SAW (tandem/twin) for maximum productivity.

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum coated SMAW electrode matching Inconel 625 composition. 22% Cr, 9% Mo, 3.5% Nb. Used for welding Inconel 625, Incoloy 825, dissimilar joints between nickel alloys and stainless/carbon steels, and overlay cladding for corrosion protection. Outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. DCEP. Also used for repair welding of 9% Ni cryogenic steels (LNG tanks). Rebake 250–300°C for 1h.

Duplex stainless steel solid wire for GMAW/GTAW welding of duplex grades 2205 (1.4462) and similar. Cr 22%, Ni 8–10%, Mo 3%, N 0.10–0.20%. Overalloyed in Ni compared to the base metal to ensure correct 50/50 ferrite-austenite balance in the weld deposit. Critical for offshore, chemical, pulp & paper and desalination plant applications. Achieves PREN >30 and excellent resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking and pitting.

Super duplex stainless steel solid wire for GMAW/GTAW welding of super duplex grades 2507 (1.4410) and similar high-PRE alloys. Cr 25%, Ni 9.5%, Mo 4%, N 0.22–0.30%. Overalloyed in Ni to ensure correct ferrite-austenite balance in weld deposit. PREN >40 in the weld metal. Used for offshore platforms, subsea manifolds, seawater systems, chemical tankers and desalination plants. Critical that interpass temperature stays below 150°C.

Low-carbon austenitic stainless steel welding wire — the standard filler for joining 304 and 304L stainless steels. The L (low carbon ≤0.03%) prevents sensitization and intergranular corrosion in the heat-affected zone. Used for TIG (GTAW) and MIG (GMAW) with pure argon or Ar/CO2 shielding. Produces fully austenitic-ferritic weld metal with 5-15 FN (Ferrite Number) for crack resistance. Used for food processing equipment, chemical tanks, pharmaceutical vessels, and architectural stainless fabrication.

Austenitic stainless steel solid wire for GMAW/GTAW welding of dissimilar joints (stainless to carbon steel) and for cladding carbon steel with stainless overlay. Higher Cr (23–25%) and Ni (12–14%) content ensures crack-free austenitic weld deposits when diluted with carbon steel base metal. Low carbon (max 0.03%) prevents sensitization. Also used as first layer when welding 304/316 to carbon steel, and for repair welding of cast stainless steels.

Low-carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel welding wire — the standard filler for joining 316 and 316L stainless steels. 2-3% Mo provides superior pitting and crevice corrosion resistance versus ER308L, especially in chloride environments. Low carbon (≤0.03%) prevents sensitization. Used for TIG and MIG welding of chemical processing equipment, marine hardware, pharmaceutical vessels, pulp & paper digesters, and offshore piping. Also used for dissimilar joints between 304 and 316 grades.

Carbon steel solid wire for GMAW/GTAW with lower deoxidizer content than ER70S-6. Produces cleaner welds with less silicon island formation — preferred for single-pass welds on clean, mill-scale-free steel. Tensile strength 70 ksi (485 MPa). Less forgiving than ER70S-6 on dirty or rusty steel. Standard wire for precision fabrication, sheet metal, automotive and applications where post-weld cleaning or painting is critical.

The world's most popular solid MIG/TIG welding wire for carbon steel. High manganese (1.40-1.85%) and silicon (0.80-1.15%) content provides superior deoxidizing power — welds cleanly even on slightly rusty or oily steel. Copper-coated for smooth wire feeding. Produces X-ray quality porosity-free welds with excellent bead appearance. Used with CO2 or Ar/CO2 shielding gas. Minimum 480 MPa tensile strength. Used for general fabrication, structural steel, shipbuilding, pressure vessels, automotive, and construction. The go-to wire for every MIG welder.

Chromium-molybdenum solid wire (1.25% Cr, 0.50% Mo) for GMAW/GTAW welding of creep-resistant CrMo steels like 13CrMo4-5 (T11/P11) and similar grades. Tensile strength 80 ksi (550 MPa). Designed for power plant piping, boiler components, refinery equipment and pressure vessels operating at 450–550°C. PWHT (post-weld heat treatment) required at 690–720°C. Matching filler for ASTM A335 P11 pipe.

Nickel-chromium solid wire matching Inconel 600 (N06600). Ni-balance with ~20% Cr and ~3% Mn + Nb. The standard filler for GTAW/GMAW welding of Inconel 600/601, dissimilar welds between nickel alloys and stainless/carbon steels, and for surfacing austenitic stainless steels with nickel alloy overlay. Excellent resistance to hot cracking. Used in power generation (nuclear steam generators), chemical processing, furnace components and heat-resisting applications. Also known as Inconel Filler Metal 82.

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum solid wire matching Inconel 625 (N06625). 22% Cr, 9% Mo, 3.5% Nb. The workhorse wire for GMAW/GTAW welding of nickel alloys, dissimilar joints (Ni alloy to stainless/carbon steel), corrosion-resistant overlay cladding and repair welding. Outstanding resistance to pitting in chloride environments. Also used for welding 9% Ni cryogenic steels (ASTM A553). Shielding: pure Ar or Ar/He for GTAW, Ar/He/CO2 mix for pulsed GMAW.

Nickel-iron-chromium solid wire matching Inconel 718 (N07718). Ni 50–55%, Cr 17–21%, Nb+Ta 4.75–5.50%, Mo 2.8–3.3%. Age-hardenable weld deposit reaching UTS >1000 MPa after PWHT. Used for GTAW/GMAW welding of Inconel 718, dissimilar joints in aerospace (turbine discs, casings) and oil & gas (subsea, HPHT). Post-weld aging at 720°C/8h + 620°C/8h required for full strength. Also designated as Inconel Filler Metal 718.