Materials database

High yield strength alloy special steel for cold forming with minimum yield strength 650 MPa. Thermomechanically rolled. Bridges the gap between S600MC and S700MC in the EN 10149-2 series. Used for weight-optimized automotive and commercial vehicle components, heavy-duty chassis, and structural members requiring excellent cold formability at very high strength levels.

High-strength quenched and tempered structural steel — YS 690 MPa min. Part of EN 10025-6 series (S500Q to S960Q). Good weldability despite high strength (CEV controlled). Used for mobile cranes, mining equipment, truck chassis, bridge components, and any structure where weight reduction through higher strength is critical. "Q" = quenched, "L" variants add low-temp impact.

High-strength quenched and tempered fine-grain structural steel with minimum yield strength of 690 MPa. Used for heavily loaded structures like mobile cranes, mining equipment, bridges, and pressure vessels.

High-strength quenched and tempered fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 690 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at -60°C (QL1 designation). The most demanding low-temperature variant of the S690 series. Used for arctic offshore structures, mobile cranes operating in extreme cold, heavy lifting equipment, and safety-critical structural applications requiring both high strength and exceptional low-temperature toughness.

Shock-resistant tool steel with excellent toughness at high hardness. Air or oil hardening. Used for chisels, shear blades, punches, rivet sets, and any tooling subjected to heavy impact loading. The primary S-type tool steel in AISI classification.

The highest-strength grade in the EN 10149-2 HSLA series. 700 MPa yield with good cold formability. TMCP for ultra-fine grain structure. Used for telescopic cranes, truck frame rails, dirt-moving equipment, farm equipment, and any application requiring maximum weight reduction in cold-formed steel.

Ultra-high-strength quenched and tempered fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 890 MPa and guaranteed impact toughness at -40°C. One of the highest strength grades in EN 10025-6, just below S960. Used for mobile cranes, aerial work platforms, heavy transport vehicles, mining machinery, and offshore lifting equipment where maximum weight reduction is critical. Weldable with careful parameter control.

Ultra-high-strength quenched structural steel — YS 960 MPa min. Near the top of EN 10025-6 range. Approaches tool-steel-level strength while remaining weldable (with strict preheat/interpass control). Used for the most weight-critical structural applications: mobile crane booms, mining equipment, military vehicles, and specialty trailer chassis. Significantly reduces section thickness vs S355.

Ultra-high-strength quenched and tempered fine-grained structural steel with minimum yield strength 960 MPa. QL designation indicates impact testing at -40°C. Used for mobile cranes, heavy lift equipment, offshore wind turbine towers, mining machinery, and weight-critical structural applications. Weldable with appropriate precautions (preheating, low hydrogen). Dramatically reduces component weight compared to conventional structural steels.

Styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer — AN 20-30% improves chemical resistance, heat resistance, and stiffness vs PS. Transparent (clear). Higher stiffness (E ~3.5 GPa) and HDT than PMMA. Used for housewares, cosmetic packaging, instrument lenses, battery cases, and transparent housings. THE clear engineering-grade styrenic. Also base polymer for ABS (SAN + butadiene rubber).

Silicone rubber (VMQ = Vinyl Methyl Polysiloxane) — THE extreme-temperature elastomer. Usable from -60°C to +230°C continuous (short-term +300°C). Excellent UV/ozone/weathering resistance. Biocompatible (FDA, USP Class VI). Low compression set. Electrically insulating. Lower tensile/tear strength than organic rubbers. Used for seals/gaskets, medical tubing/implants, food-grade components, baby products, automotive ignition boots, and LED/lighting encapsulation.

Super duplex stainless steel with PREN >40. Superior corrosion resistance to standard 2205 duplex, especially in chloride and H₂S environments. Used for subsea pipelines, offshore platform components, desalination plants, and chemical processing equipment.

Japanese martensitic stainless steel — the higher-carbon variant of the 420 family (C 0.26-0.40%). Achieves HRC 50-55 after heat treatment. Very good corrosion resistance for a martensitic grade. THE budget knife/cutlery steel worldwide. Also used for surgical instruments, haircutting scissors, and industrial blades. ≈ EN X30Cr13 (1.4028) / Chinese 3Cr13.

CP Titanium Grade 11 — Ti-0.12-0.25% Pd. Same mechanical properties as Grade 1 (lowest strength CP) but with dramatically improved crevice corrosion resistance in reducing acid environments due to Pd addition. Used for chemical process equipment, heat exchangers, and vessels handling HCl, H2SO4, and other reducing acids where unalloyed CP-Ti would corrode.

Titanium alloy with 0.3% Mo + 0.8% Ni — improved crevice and reducing-acid corrosion resistance over CP grades. Strength similar to Grade 2 but much better in chemical environments containing hot brines and reducing acids. More cost-effective than Grade 7 (Pd). Used for heat exchangers, pressure vessels, and chemical processing equipment in corrosive service.

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitials) — the medical-grade version of the most common titanium alloy. Lower O, N, C, Fe limits than Grade 5 for improved fracture toughness, ductility, and biocompatibility. ASTM F136 specifies it for surgical implants. Slightly lower strength than Grade 5 but better fatigue crack growth resistance. Used for orthopedic implants (hip/knee), spinal fixation, dental implants, and cryogenic aerospace applications.

Commercially pure titanium Grade 3 — highest oxygen (0.35% max) of the CP grades = highest strength (UTS 450-550 MPa). Between Grade 2 (general purpose) and Grade 4 (maximum CP strength). Used for chemical process equipment, marine hardware, and structural components where higher strength than Grade 2 is needed but alloy cost (Ti-6Al-4V) is not justified.

Palladium-enhanced commercially pure titanium — the most corrosion-resistant Ti grade. Same mechanical properties as Grade 2, but with 0.12-0.25% Pd for dramatically improved resistance to reducing acids (HCl, H2SO4) and crevice corrosion. Premium price justified only where extreme chemical resistance is needed. Used for chemical processing equipment, desalination plants, and chlor-alkali cells.

Medium-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy — the standard for seamless tubing. 50% stronger than CP Grade 2 with better cold formability than Ti-6Al-4V. The go-to alloy for hydraulic tubing in aerospace and bicycle frames. Used for aircraft hydraulic lines, offshore risers, and sporting goods.

Near-alpha high-temperature titanium alloy. Better creep resistance than Ti-6Al-4V at temperatures above 400°C — usable to 550°C continuous. Sn and Zr are alpha-stabilizers providing solid-solution strengthening without eutectoid decomposition. THE jet engine compressor disc alloy (stages 2-7 typically). Also used for afterburner structures, blisks, and gas turbine components. Si addition (0.06-0.10%) further improves creep.

Beta-rich alpha-beta titanium alloy — higher Mo (6%) than Ti-6242 for significantly higher strength (UTS 1100+ STA). Forged beta then STA (Solution Treat + Age) for peak properties. Used for high-compressor discs and blades in jet engines where strength at 300-450°C is critical. More Beta phase than 6242 = higher strength but lower creep resistance. AMS 4981.

The most widely used titanium alloy — accounts for ~50% of all titanium production. Alpha-beta alloy with exceptional strength-to-weight ratio. Used for jet engine components, airframe structures, medical implants (hip/knee), fasteners, and racing components. Biocompatible.

Extra Low Interstitial version of Ti-6Al-4V — the standard titanium for surgical implants. Reduced O, N, C, Fe for improved ductility, fracture toughness, and biocompatibility. Used for hip and knee implants, bone screws, dental implants, spinal fusion devices, and cardiovascular stents. Also called Grade 23.

Alpha-beta titanium alloy with Nb replacing V — developed specifically to eliminate vanadium cytotoxicity concerns. Similar mechanical properties to Ti-6Al-4V but with superior biocompatibility and corrosion resistance in body fluids. ISO 5832-11 / ASTM F1295 for surgical implants. Trade name: IMI 367 (originally). Used for hip prostheses, knee replacements, fracture fixation plates, spinal devices, screws, and dental implants.